Middle Years Science Program

B Barber
Science Coordinator

Partner Primary & Secondary Schools
John Paul, Nazareth, Padua, St John's Reg. Colleges & Partner Primary

Science

Middle Years Science Program - Science Show

Middle Years Science Program

Healthy Life Show
Return to Curriculum

Simon Millar (St John's)

Some science activities that you can include...

"Food and the Body"	"Healthy eating ... healthy choices"	"Personal health and exercise"
Junior School [9-10am P-1; 10-11am 1-2]	Middle School [11.30-12.15pm Gr3; 12.15-1pm Gr4]	Senior School [1.45-2.30pm Gr5; 2.30-3.15pm Gr6]
Topics
Body systems Health services What is it to be healthy?	Health Food charts Fuels for the body Healthy eating Body maps Diet for the week Choices for healthy life	Personal health Healthy food Physical, mental and social health Diet Exercise
Activities
Who is healthy? Starchy bananas Good Vs Bad Food Torso Heart Rate Types of food Carbohydrates Protein Fats Minerals Vitamins Muscles Feeling Good	Who is healthy? Our Digestive System Starchy Bananas Acids & Bases Good Versus Bad Food Torso Heart Rate Step-Up Test Types of food Carbohydrates Fibre Protein Fats Minerals Vitamins Muscles Feeling Fit	Who is healthy? Our Digestive System Starchy Bananas Acids & Bases Good Versus Bad Food Torso Heart Rate Step-Up Test Types of food Carbohydrates Fibre Protein Fats Minerals Vitamins Muscles Feeling Fit

Vocabulary: Sun, sunburnt, sunburn, diet, vegetables, meat, fruit, dairy, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fat, fibre ...

Purchase:

bread, banana, biscuit, orange, lemon, lemonade, cola, milk, sausages, gelatine.

Equipment:

5-6 A3 pictures of people: smoker, untidy person, yelling, lazy, fast food, cyclist.

A3 outlines of the human body (with cut out stomachs, intestines, pancreas, liver and mouth for juniors), masking tape.

4 plastic beakers with samples of bread, banana and biscuits; iodine solution.

Lemons, oranges, litmus paper, lemonade, coka cola, milk, etc.

Pictures of coffee, milk, salad sandwich, beer, coke, vitamins, lollies, banana, apple, tomato, water.

Two meals below and worksheet carrying information on fats, proteins, and carbohydrates.Torso of human.

4 Stethoscopes and 4 stop watches.

4 tubs, 4 stethoscopes and 4 stop watches.
Sausages (5); glad wrap; suncream; sun glasses; "clothing" (cotton, T-shirt fabric); materials (coloured cellophane, aluminium foil, glad wrap etc).
Hot plate, 100mL beaker, glucose solution, Benedict's solution, water.
Some bread.
2 test tube, gelatine, copper sulphate solution, sodium hydroxide, milk, fruit juice (squeezed lemon).

Demonstrations:

Task

P-2

3-4

5-6

Method

Equipment

Concepts

Who is heathly?

Display images of different people.

5-6 A3 pictures of people: smoker, untidy person, yelling, lazy, fast food, cyclist.

Make judgements of whether they are healthy or not.

Our Digestive System

On A3 sheets outline the body, describe and draw the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, oesophagus in the right places. Make large life-size stick on with masking tape organs.

A3 outlines of the human body (with cut out stomachs, intestines, pancreas, liver and mouth for juniors). Masking tape.

Looking at the digestive system. Go to human body.

Starchy Banana

Place a small amount of iodine solution onto each of the bread, banana and biscuit samples to test for starch.

4 plastic beakers with samples of bread, banana and biscuits; iodine solution.

Testing foods for starch.

Acids & Bases

Use the litmus paper to test the acidity of different fruits, vegetables and other products in the kitchen.

Lemons, oranges, litmus paper, lemonade, coka cola, milk, etc.

Testing for acids and bases in food.

Good versus Bad food

Display different types of food and they have to place them in the good pile or the bad pile.

Pictures of coffee, milk, salad sandwich, beer, coke, vitamins, lollies, banana, apple, tomato, water,

Distinguish differences between good and bad food.

Torso

Display the torso and discuss the important parts in our bodies.

Torso of human.

Important organs in the body.

Compare 2 meals

Compare the 2 meals and the quantities of energy, fats, proteins, and carbohydrates (sugars).

Two meals below and worksheet carrying information on fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. Look at required exercise to use up this energy.

See calculation sheet. Recommended daily intake (kJ) for boys is 7600kJ and girls 6800kJ.

Meal 1	Meal 2
Meat Pie	Cheese & lettuce sandwich
Pizza	Orange juice
Thick shake	Banana
Lamington

Heart rate

Testing your heart rate to within the following scales.

4 Stethoscopes and 4 stop watches.

Pulse Rate	Level of Fitness
Less than 50	Outstanding
50-59	Excellent
60-69	Good
70-79	Fair
80 or over	Poor

Step-Up Test

Onto a tub, step up and down at a rate of 30 sets per minute for 5 minutes. Sit down and rest for 1 minute. Calculate fitness index by FI=545 x rate. The rate is the number of beats for 30 seconds.

4 tubs, 4 stethoscopes and 4 stop watches.

Using this chart to check your fitness...

FI	Fitness
180 or over	superb
160-179	excellent
140-159	very good
120-139	good
100-119	average
80-99	reasonable

Sunburnt Sausages

Cover sausages with different materials (eg. glab wrap, aluminium foil, different coloured cellophane (particularly green, red and blue) etc or clothing) and leave one as a "control". Place sausages in the sun for a couple of hours. Place suncream on some parts of another sausage. Sunglasses on another. After this, get children to look closely and feel the sausages and compare it to their skin.

Sausages (5); glad wrap; suncream; sun glasses; "clothing" (cotton, T-shirt fabric); materials (coloured cellophane, aluminium foil, glad wrap etc).

Predict what will happen to sausages when placed in the sun and compare it to your own skin. Discussion of skin cancer, "slip, slop slap" can be good. How should we protect our own skin?

Types of food

Display different foods and discuss their function to the body.

Test for glucose: 3 drops of glucose and Benedict's solution in water in a test tube. Place in hot water bath on hot plate.

Carbohydrates - rice, cane sugar and lemonade (sucrose), fruit (fructose), milk (lactose), pasta (starch), celery (cellulose).

Test: hot plate, 100mL beaker, glucose solution, Benedict's solution, water.

Carbohydrates: Consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen providing the body with fuel and for building new materials. Discuss sucrose, lactose, fructose and starch. Starch is in plants. Simple carbohydrates rot our teeth and are an instant source of energy compared to complex. Glycogen is a split sucrose molecule that can be used directly by the body.

Fibre - Some bread.

Fibre - Also known as roughage they are complex carbohydrates that cannot be digested. They are found in fruits, rice, vegetables or wholemeal bread. They act to keep our digestive system clean.

Biuret test for protein: 3 drops gelatine into test tube; 3 drops of water in another. 2 drops of CuSO4 and NaOH in each. Gelatine has protein in it.

Protein - 2 test tube, gelatine, copper sulphate solution, sodium hydroxide, milk, fruit juice (squeezed lemon).

Protein - The building blocks of our body are amino acids. We cannot store protein so we need a constant supply of it. They help us to repair damage, grow and maintain our bodies. Test for protein

Fats - Sources of fat include butter, margarine, fried foods, cheese and meats. Oils are liquid fats. They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are are largely made up of fatty acids and glycerol. There are two types of fats: saturated and unsaturated fats. Saturated fats are found in animal products whereas unsaturated fats are in vegetable oils and fats. Fats are a stored source of energy under the skin providing heat insulation also. Cholesterol is a fat useful as a hormone that can be harmful in large amounts.

Minerals - Such elements as iron and calcium are found in a variety of foods. A deficiency disease may result if your diet lacks one or another of the minerals. The most common deficiency is iron called anaemia which is important for the transport of oxygen in the body. Some examples include ...

Mineral	Purpose
Phosphorus	Needed for energy release of the cells
Sulphur	Used for making protein
Fluorine	Stops dental problems
Iodine	Used to make thyroxine
Magnesium	Needed in all cells.

Vitamins - There are 13 vitamins that we need on a regular basis. Even with a varied diet you may get a deficiency in vitamins. We can make vitamin D ourselves from sunlight which is used by our bones to take up calcium. Cooking destroys vitamins so as little cooking as possible is better for our health.

Vitamin	Purpose
A	Required for night vision and airways.
D	For healthy bones and teeth.
K	Blood clotting ability.
B1 (thiamine)	Release of energy from carbohydrates.
B2 (riboflavin)	Energy production
Niacin	Energy usage.
C (ascorbic acid)	Healthy skin and mouth.

Muscles

How our muscles work.

Feeling Fit

Many factors affect how healthy we feel and how fit we are apart from physical and dietary needs ...

Self Image - It is important to feel important about ourselves. Thinking about what you like about ourselves and not putting ourselves down. It is not good to compare your size and looks critically in magazines or your fitness with world class athletes; or your mental ability with Einstein.		External Pressures - Different pressures from magazines and television can affect the way you might feel about yourself. Pressure from the media, coaches, parents and teachers can adversely affect the our health. The media influences the way we dress, listen to music and what activities we should be involved in. The pressure to conform could lead to nervous or eating disorders.
	Feeling Fit
Fitness - Regular exercise is important for us all.		Stress - Stress can take physical (headaches, chest pains, blood pressure, asthma, tiredness, insomnia etc) form or mental (irritability, bad temper, depression, panicky, inability to noise or concentrate, impulsive behaviour etc) form. Stress is our ability to relate to pressures in our lives.

What is Health?

The definition of health is "a state of complete economic, physical, mental and social well-being" according to the World Health Organisation. To be healthy is not simply to be physically fit and well. Why be healthy? There will be times that you do not feel the best of health. We will look at some of the things that make you healthy. How to be healthy? Being healthy varies from one person to another and you must know about what is important for your own health in order to take responsibility for it.

Diet and food	Exercise and physical fitness	Drugs, alcohol and smoking
Sun and skin	Aspects of Health	Diseases
Health services	Healthy choices	Living safely

Curing of diseases is only one part of keeping healthy. Many organisations are around to help us cope with varying health problems. One important first step for our physical health is to avoid illness as much as possible. We can avoid unhealthy habits like smoking, drinking alcohol or taking unprescribed medication.

We have immunisation for various diseases according to the following ...

Age	Vaccine	Details
3-6 months	triple vaccine DPT	Protects from diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus; and polio by mouth.
4-6 weeks later	second triple vaccine
6-9 months later	third triple vaccine
15 months	rubella, measles, mumps
4-5 years	Diphtheria, tetanus; and polio booster.
10-13 years	BCG	Tuberculosis
13 years	Rubella / German measles
15 years	Tetanus and polio booster.

Some people are born disabled being either physically or mentally handicapped. They may have a heriditary disease such as cystic fibrosis. Physical handicaps include cerebral palsy, blindness, spina bifida, or physical deformities. Mental handicaps could include Down's Syndrome or brain damage due to illness.

A healthy diet

In order to feel physically healthy we must have a balanced diet. It must contain the right amounts of the seven food groups. The foods we eat give us energy, build materials for growth and repair and for maintaining a constant environment for our bodies. Malnutrition or bad eating could result in problems. A balanced diet consists of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water.

Being Sun Smart

Sun Smart Poem (by Sid Seagull):

Everyone everywhere's covered in skin, the stuff that keeps the rest of us in. Skin can be white or olive or black. Skins can be spotty, or freckled or slack. Skin can be hairy or bald as a bean. When it gets dirty, it's easy to clean. When you're a baby it's just the right size. Yet when you're grown up the same thing applies. Isn't it lucky we're covered in skin. The stuff that keeps the rest of us in?

Skin is Amazing:

Is is made up of layers and layers of cells.
It is the largest organ in the human body - someone 1.8 metres tall would have 38 square metres of skin which is about the size of half a volleyball court (40 square metres)

A healthy Mind

Sometimes this depends on pressures from outside as well as attitudes and emotions. It is difficult to say how much we have control over but part of being healthy is trying to understand ourselves and recognise when we need to change. Social well-being means that you are happy with your lifestyle - the way we live and the conditions in which you find yourself. It involves not only your well-being but also that of your friends and family. You may be dealing with others that have very different ideas to you. These may cause you some distress from time to time.

Our Body

Proportions of elements in our bodies: 65% water; 18% protein; 10% fat; 5% carbohydrate; 1% organic compounds; 1% inorganic compound.