June Weston (St John's)

Topics
Introduction: Personal health Healthy food Physical, mental and social health Diet & Exercise Health & health services What is it to be healthy? Who is healthy? Healthy lifestyle Feeling Fit	Olympics [History, Types of events, Sprinting & forces, Marathon & heat control, Cycling and friction, Gymnastics & centre of mass]	Our Digestive System Fuels for the body Healthy eating Diet for the week Choices for healthy life Types of food [Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats, Minerals, Vitamins]
Testing our fitness Exercise Muscles Heart Rate Step-Up Test	Our Skeletal System Bones of our body Healthy bones - calcium What bones can we feel? Choices for healthy life Types of food [Carbohydrates, Protein, Fats, Minerals, Vitamins]	Our Circulatory System Our heart Where is it in our chest? How big is it? How does blood travel? What other systems do other animals have?
Our Nervous System Our brains Nervous signals Reflex action and conscious responses

Vocabulary: Diet, vegetables, meat, fruit, dairy, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, fitness, health, history, events, muscles, heart, fat, fibre, bones, skeleton, nervous, nerves,

Demonstrations:

Task	Method	Equipment	Concepts
Who is healthy?	Display images of different people.	5-6 A3 pictures of people: smoker, untidy person, yelling, lazy, fast food, cyclist.	Make judgements of whether they are healthy or not.
Our Digestive System	On A3 sheets outline the body, describe and draw the stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, oesophagus in the right places. Make large life-size stick on with masking tape organs.	A3 outlines of the human body (with cut out stomachs, intestines, pancreas, liver and mouth for juniors). Masking tape.	Looking at the digestive system. Go to human body.
Starchy Banana	Place a small amount of iodine solution onto each of the bread, banana and biscuit samples to test for starch.	4 plastic beakers with samples of bread, banana and biscuits; iodine solution dropper bottles; watch glasses.	Testing foods for starch.
Reaction Time	Students work in pairs to drop a metre ruler through the fingers of their partner. Finger and thumb next to the zero mark and then drop at random time.	Metre ruler.	Testing reaction time.
Standing jump	Students measure who can do the longest standing jump.	Metre rulers	Talk about type of muscles used.
Push Ups	Students measure their heart rate before and after push ups.	Finger to throat	-
Acids & Bases	Use the litmus paper to test the acidity of different fruits, vegetables and other products in the kitchen.	Lemons, oranges, litmus paper, lemonade, coka cola, milk, etc; beakers.	Testing for acids and bases in food.
Good versus Bad food	Display different types of food and they have to place them in the good pile or the bad pile.	Pictures of coffee, milk, salad sandwich, beer, coke, vitamins, lollies, banana, apple, tomato, water,	Distinguish differences between good and bad food.
Gymnastics & Centre of Mass	Balancing by trying to touch your toes with back to the wall and heals up against the walls.	-	Centre of mass.
Torso	Display the torso and discuss the important parts in our bodies.	Torso of human.	Important organs in the body.
Heart rate	Testing your heart rate to within the following scales.	4 Stethoscopes and 4 stop watches or by finger on throat method.
	Pulse Rate Level of Fitness Less than 50 Outstanding 50-59 Excellent 60-69 Good 70-79 Fair 80 or over Poor

What is Health?

The definition of health is "a state of complete economic, physical, mental and social well-being" according to the World Health Organisation. To be healthy is not simply to be physically fit and well. Why be healthy? There will be times that you do not feel the best of health. We will look at some of the things that make you healthy. How to be healthy? Being healthy varies from one person to another and you must know about what is important for your own health in order to take responsibility for it.

Diet and food	Exercise and physical fitness	Drugs, alcohol and smoking
Sun and skin	Aspects of Health	Diseases
Health services	Healthy choices	Living safely

A healthy diet & lifestyle

We can avoid unhealthy habits like smoking, drinking alcohol or taking unprescribed medication.

In order to feel physically healthy we must have a balanced diet. It must contain the right amounts of the seven food groups. The foods we eat give us energy, build materials for growth and repair and for maintaining a constant environment for our bodies. Malnutrition or bad eating could result in problems. A balanced diet consists of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water.

Protein - The building blocks of our body are amino acids. We cannot store protein so we need a constant supply of it. They help us to repair damage, grow and maintain our bodies.

Fibre - Also known as roughage they are complex carbohydrates that cannot be digested. They are found in fruits, rice, vegetables or wholemeal bread. They act to keep our digestive system clean.

Carbohydrates: Consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen providing the body with fuel and for building new materials. Discuss sucrose, lactose, fructose and starch. Starch is in plants. Simple carbohydrates rot our teeth and are an instant source of energy compared to complex. Glycogen is a split sucrose molecule that can be used directly by the body.

Fats - Sources of fat include butter, margarine, fried foods, cheese and meats. Oils are liquid fats. They contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are are largely made up of fatty acids and glycerol. There are two types of fats: saturated and unsaturated fats. Saturated fats are found in animal products whereas unsaturated fats are in vegetable oils and fats. Fats are a stored source of energy under the skin providing heat insulation also. Cholesterol is a fat useful as a hormone that can be harmful in large amounts.

Minerals - Such elements as iron and calcium are found in a variety of foods. A deficiency disease may result if your diet lacks one or another of the minerals. The most common deficiency is iron called anaemia which is important for the transport of oxygen in the body. Some examples include ...

Mineral	Purpose
Phosphorus	Needed for energy release of the cells
Sulphur	Used for making protein
Fluorine	Stops dental problems
Iodine	Used to make thyroxine
Magnesium	Needed in all cells.

Vitamins - There are 13 vitamins that we need on a regular basis. Even with a varied diet you may get a deficiency in vitamins. We can make vitamin D ourselves from sunlight which is used by our bones to take up calcium. Cooking destroys vitamins so as little cooking as possible is better for our health.

Vitamin	Purpose
A	Required for night vision and airways.
D	For healthy bones and teeth.
K	Blood clotting ability.
B1 (thiamine)	Release of energy from carbohydrates.
B2 (riboflavin)	Energy production
Niacin	Energy usage.
C (ascorbic acid)	Healthy skin and mouth.

 

Many factors affect how healthy we feel and how fit we are apart from physical and dietary needs ...

Self Image - It is important to feel important about ourselves. Thinking about what you like about ourselves and not putting ourselves down. It is not good to compare your size and looks critically in magazines or your fitness with world class athletes; or your mental ability with Einstein.		External Pressures - Different pressures from magazines and television can affect the way you might feel about yourself. Pressure from the media, coaches, parents and teachers can adversely affect the our health. The media influences the way we dress, listen to music and what activities we should be involved in. The pressure to conform could lead to nervous or eating disorders.
	Feeling Fit
Fitness - Regular exercise is important for us all.		Stress - Stress can take physical (headaches, chest pains, blood pressure, asthma, tiredness, insomnia etc) form or mental (irritability, bad temper, depression, panicky, inability to noise or concentrate, impulsive behaviour etc) form. Stress is our ability to relate to pressures in our lives.

A Healthy Mind

Sometimes this depends on pressures from outside as well as attitudes and emotions. It is difficult to say how much we have control over but part of being healthy is trying to understand ourselves and recognise when we need to change. Social well-being means that you are happy with your lifestyle - the way we live and the conditions in which you find yourself. It involves not only your well-being but also that of your friends and family. You may be dealing with others that have very different ideas to you. These may cause you some distress from time to time.

Our Body

Proportions of elements in our bodies: 65% water; 18% protein; 10% fat; 5% carbohydrate; 1% organic compounds; 1% inorganic compound.